The allies attacked and defeated king Olaf in the western Baltic Sea when he was sailing home from an expedition, in the Battle of Svolder, fought in September of either 999 or 1000. Harald was driven into exile and died shortly afterwards in November 986 or 987.[2]. [13] Harald himself converted to Catholicism after a peace agreement with the Holy Roman Emperor. [3] Sweyn Forkbeard. The Latinized name as given in the medieval Danish chronicles is Haraldus Gormonis filius (Harald, Gorm's son). Harald introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated his rule over most of Jutland and Zealand. Sweyn's daughter, Estrid Svendsdatter, was the mother of King Sweyn II of Denmark. Sweyn Forkbeard (960-1014) was the king of Denmark from 986 to 1014 (succeeding Harald Bluetooth and preceding Harald II of Denmark), King of Norway from 1000 to 1014 (succeeding Olav Tryggvason and preceding Olaf II of Norway), and King of England from 1013 to 1014 (succeeding Æthelred the Unready and preceding Æthelred). Sweyn Forkbeard was the eldest son of King Harald Bluetooth and his mother's identity has been a debate for the historians. [9], From 1835 to 1977, it was wrongly believed that Harald ordered the death of the Haraldskær Woman, a bog body previously thought to be Gunnhild, Mother of Kings until radiocarbon dating proved otherwise. Harald was driven into exile and died shortly afterwards in November 986 or 987. 26 The Sweyn Forkbeard Pub in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire (Source: Flickr / Brian). In 1013, shortly before his death, he became the first Danish king of England after a long effort. Many years of looting and attacks by the Vikings have shattered the once proud England. [4], The first documented appearance of Harald's nickname "Bluetooth" (as blatan; Old Norse *blátǫnn) is in the Chronicon Roskildense (written ca. [10], The Hiddensee treasure, a large trove of gold objects, was found in 1873 on the German island of Hiddensee in the Baltic Sea. Following research in England, Denmark and Norway we created in … [13] but Lund (2001) argues that the main motivation for the raids was more likely the prospect of revenue. Sweyn also exhausted England in annual raids and was finally accepted as king of that country, but he died shortly thereafter. Born in 961(?). [citation needed], As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans at the Danevirke in 974, he no longer had control of Norway, and Germans settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. Historiographical sources on Sweyn's life include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (where his name is rendered as Swegen),[5] Adam of Bremen's 12th-century Deeds of the Bishops of Hamburg, and Snorri Sturluson's 13th-century Heimskringla. The altar itself dates to about 1200. Genealogy for Sweyn "Forkbeard" Haraldsson, King of Denmark and England (960 - 1014) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Harald undoubtedly professed Christianity at that time and contributed to its growth, but with limited success in Denmark and Norway. However, the English nobility sent for Æthelred, who upon his return from exile in Normandy in the spring of 1014 managed to drive Cnut out of England. The mound itself was from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. [9], The Curmsun Disc was found in Groß-Weckow, Pomerania and according to the inscription, Swedish archaeologist Sven Rosborn proposes that Harald may have been buried in the church there (after 1945 Wiejkowo), close to Jomsborg. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the 10th century, perceivably as an "appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans. Sweyn had eight children with Sigrid the Haughty and Gunhild of Wenden: King Sweyn Forkbeard is played by Ernest Graves in the 1970 film The Ceremony of Innocence. His son Canute would go on to create a Nordic empire after his … Opes 21:55, 7 April 2006 (UTC) Have changed all the Sven/svend entries to Sweyn as this not only creates a consensus but also agrees with the name of the article! Birthplace: Denmark Location of death: Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England Cause of death: unspecified. Further raids took place in 1006–1007, and in 1009–1012 Thorkell the Tall led a Viking invasion into England. Svein (or Swein) Haraldsson, known as … But the Londoners put up a strong resistance, because King Æthelred and Thorkell the Tall, a Viking leader who had defected to Æthelred, personally held their ground against him in London itself. Sweyn Forkbeard was famous for his conquers, beard and immaculate hair even in battle. Sweyn I is believed to have been born around 960 AD. Simon Keynes regards it as uncertain whether Sweyn supported these invasions, but "whatever the case, he was quick to exploit the disruption caused by the activities of Thorkell's army". 1140), alongside the alternative nickname Clac Harald. Adam also suggests that Sweyn in his youth lived among heathens, and only achieved success as a ruler after accepting Christianity. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gunhild, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son. Sweyn Forkbeard, his wives and children. It is believed that these objects belonged to Harald's family.[11]. Another explanation, proposed by Scocozza (1997), is that he was called "blue thane" (or "dark thane") in England (with Anglo-Saxon thegn corrupted to tan when the name came back into Old Norse). The most famous is fortifying the fortress of Aros (nowadays Aarhus) which was situated in a central position in his kingdom in the year 979. His father, Harald Bluetooth, was the first Danish King that unified the Danes under a banner. Most sources say that they adopted Christianity but allowed the people religious freedom, leading to a backlash against Christianity which undid much of Olaf Tryggvason's missionary work.[11]. Søre… According to Adam, Sweyn was sent into exile by his father's German friends and deposed in favour of king Eric the Victorious of Sweden, whom Adam wrote ruled Denmark until his death in 994 or 995. However, there is some disagreement about who was Canute's mother. The sagas and Encomium say that he was a son of Gunhild, while Thietmar of Merseburg, who lived at the same time as Sweyn says that Canute's mother was Sigrid the Haughty. According to Ashley (1998), Sweyn's invasion was partly motivated by the massacre of Danes in England ordered by Æthelred the Unready in 1002, in which his sister and brother-in-law are said to have been killed. Adam purports that Sweyn was shunned by all those with whom he sought refuge, but was finally allowed to live for a while in Scotland. Sweyn's reign was short, as he died in 1014, but his son Canute the Great soon The Kings' sagas ascribe the causes of the alliance to Olaf Tryggvason's ill-fated marriage proposal to Sigrid the Haughty and his problematic marriage to Thyri, sister of Svein Forkbeard. In the middle 980s, however, he was dethroned by his son Svein and driven into exile in Germany. One of them, Margaret of Denmark, married James III of Scotland in 1469, introducing Sweyn's bloodline into the Scottish royal house. King of England, Norway, Denmark. [2] In 1000, with the allegiance of Trondejarl, Eric of Lade, Sweyn ruled most of Norway. Harald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. Sweyn Forkbeard was and remains a powerful symbol of Scandinavia's transitional era at the turn of the Eleventh Century. [28], For the wireless technology standard, see. Sons of Valhalla is a sidescrolling base building strategy game. Æthelred's 37-year combined reign was the longest of any Anglo-Saxon king of England, and was only surpassed in the 13th century, by Henry III. [7], During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction of the Jelling runic stones, and numerous other public works. Ring forts were built in five strategic locations with Aarhus perfectly in the middle: Trelleborg on Zealand, Borrering in eastern Zealand (the inner construction of this fort is still yet to be established), Nonnebakken on Funen, Fyrkat in Himmerland (northern Jutland) and Aggersborg near Limfjord. 986–1000). England’s first Danish King died of apoplexy soon after his success, and thus Ethelred was reinstated as King after managing to drive Sweyn’s son Canute, who was proclaimed King by the Danish fleet in England to flee the country. The Norse sagas present Harald in a rather negative light. The victors divided Norway among them. Sweyn acquired massive sums of Danegeld through the raids. His father was Harald I, known also as Harald Bluetooth, whereas the identity of his mother is not known for certain. "[20], After his conversion, around the 960s, Harald had his father's body reburied in the church next to the now empty mound. "The armies of Swein Forkbeard and Cnut: leding or li(th)", https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0205808/?ref_=fn_al_tt_2, Northvegr (Scandinavian) – A History of the Vikings (Search), Vikingworld (Danish) – Swein Forkbeard (Svend Tveskæg), Sweyn Forkbeard: The Viking King of England, List of English words of Old Norse origin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweyn_Forkbeard&oldid=1001197390, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 January 2021, at 17:37. After James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne in 1603, Sweyn's descendants became monarchs of England again. Ethelred was re-called by the Witan, causing Sweyn's son, Canute to flee. [5] Clac Harald appears to be a confusion of Harald Bluetooth with the legendary or semi-legendary Harald Klak, son of Halfdan. Cnut and his sons, Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut, ruled England over a combined 26-year period (1016–1042). Sweyn I "Forkbeard" (Old Norse Sveinn tjúguskegg; Danish: Svend Tveskæg, originally Tjugeskæg or Tyvskæg, Norwegian: Svein Tjugeskjegg) (c. 960 – February 3, 1014).Sweyn succeeded his father Harald I "Blåtand" (Bluetooth) as king of Denmark, probably in late 986 or early 987.Sweyn had coins made with his likeness, being the first Danish king to do so. England’s fate is sealed in 1013. Sweyn Forkbeard (/ s v ɛ n /; Old Norse: Sveinn Haraldsson tjúguskegg; Danish: Svend Tveskæg; c. 960 – 3 February 1014) was king of Denmark from 986 to 1014. Harald's name is also inscribed on the so-called Curmsun disc, rediscovered in 2014 (but part of a Viking hoard previously discovered in 1841 in the crypt of the Groß-Weckow village church in Pomerania, close to the Viking Age stronghold of Jomsborg), as +ARALD CVRMSVN + REX AD TANER + SCON + JVMN + CIV ALDIN, i.e. After Harthacnut's death, the English throne reverted to the House of Wessex under Æthelred's younger son Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042–1066). His embalmed body was returned to Denmark for burial in the church he had built. [citation needed], He constructed the oldest known bridge in southern Scandinavia, the 5-metre (16 ft) wide and 760-metre (2,490 ft) long Ravning Bridge at Ravning meadows. [citation needed] Gunhilde. The given name Haraldr (also Haralldr) is the equivalent of Old English Hereweald, Old High German Heriwald, from hari "army" and wald- "rule". [23], The Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the king in 1997,[24] based on an analogy that the technology would unite devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into a single kingdom. Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr Gormsson;[2] Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen, died c. 985/86) was a king of Denmark and Norway. The text reads: In 1013 Sweyn Forkbeard King of Denmark, sailed up the River Trent and camped his armies at Gainsborough. Adam of Bremen depicted Sweyn as a rebellious pagan who persecuted Christians, betrayed his father and expelled German bishops from Scania and Zealand. All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern. Note: Swietoslawa, perhaps identical to the legendary Sigrid the Haughty (b. However, he returned as king for two years after Sweyn's death in 1014. Sweyn Forkbeard. 1016), perhaps married firstly with Eric the Victorious, King of Sweden and later wife of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark by whom she is said to have been mother of … [6] Conflicting accounts of Sweyn's later life also appear in the Encomium Emmae Reginae, an 11th-century Latin encomium in honour of his son king Cnut's queen Emma of Normandy, along with Chronicon ex chronicis by Florence of Worcester, another 11th-century author. He went very quickly about East Anglia into the Humber's mouth, and so upward along the Trent till he came to Gainsborough. He gave these to his son in law, Jarl Svein Hákonarson, to hold as a vassal. [19] Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish king was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son" Sweyn, with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg. 968/72 - d. ca. "Religions Old and New". The rest of Norway was ruled by Eirik Hákonarson as King Svein's vassal. Sweyn was born in 960, the son of Harald Bluetooth, King of Denmark, and his Queen, Gunhild. [17][18] The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tamdrup in Denmark (see image at top of this article). According to Adam of Bremen, Harald's son Sweyn was baptised "Otto" (in honour of German king Otto I). Sweyn then went west to Bath, where the western thanes submitted to him and gave hostages. You take on the role of Sweyn Forkbeard, the son of a Viking Jarl, to conquer England and save the love of your life. While quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he turned his energies to foreign enterprises. In 986 A.D. Sweyn Forkbeard, who was known for his navigational expertise, revolted against his father, King Bluetooth, and eventually became his successor. They were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance of Obodrite soldiers and troops loyal to Harald, but soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Sweyn. The son of Alfred and Elswitha, Edward the Elder, re-conquered all the Viking held territories, except York, and ruled as King of England. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 – c. 986. Æthelred was briefly succeeded by his son, Edmund Ironside, but he died after a few months and was replaced by Sweyn's son, Cnut. The English nobility became so disillusioned with their existing king, Ethelred 'The Unready', that they acknowledged Sweyn as king in 1013. Harold was a son of Godwin (c. 1001 –1053), the powerful earl of Wessex, and of Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, whose brother Ulf the Earl was married to Estrid Svendsdatter (c. 1015/1016), the daughter of King Sweyn Forkbeard (died 1014) and sister of King Cnut the Great of England and Denmark. In part, this reflected the fact that there were numerous Christian priests of Danish origin in the Danelaw, while Sweyn had few personal connections to Germany. He was the father of King Harald II of Denmark, King Cnut the Great and Queen Estrid Svendsdatter.. Earl Uchtred and all Northumbria quickly bowed to him, as did all the people of the Kingdom of Lindsey, then the people of the Five Boroughs. [21] The Encyclopædia Britannica considers the runic inscriptions as the best-known in Denmark. [8] "Harald Gormson, king of Danes, Scania, Jumne, [in] Bishopric of Aldinburg [de]". The Jarls Eirik and Svein proved strong, competent rulers, and their reign was prosperous. Some believe these projects were a way for him to consolidate economic and military control of his country and the main city. His wit, ferocity, ruthlessness and battle tactics kept everything under water-tight control. Scocozza, Benito (1997), Politikens bog om danske monarker, København: Politikens Forlag. Sweyn was buried in England, but his body was later removed to Roeskild Cathedral in Denmark. "[8] A sixth Trelleborg of similar design, located at Borgeby, in Scania, has been dated to about 1000 and may have been built by King Harald and a second fort named Trelleborg is located near the modern town of Trelleborg in Scania in present-day Sweden, but is of older date and thus pre-dates the reign of Harald Bluetooth. Sweyn married the widow of Erik, king of Sweden, named "Gunhild" in some sources,[8] or identified as an unnamed sister of Boleslav, ruler of Poland. A painting and text about Forkbeard. He may, however, have lost control over his Norwegian claims following his defeat against a German army in 974. Based in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Sweyn began to organise his vast new kingdom, but he died there on 3 February 1014, having ruled England for only five weeks. [2], In the mid-980s, Sweyn revolted against his father and seized the throne. King Harald bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. Widukind of Corvey, writing during the lives of King Harald and Otto I, claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald to prove his faith in Christ, carried a "great weight" of iron heated by a fire without being burned. [12] According to 12th-century Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus in his work Gesta Danorum, Poppo performed his miracle for Harald's son Sweyn Forkbeard after Sweyn had second thoughts about his own baptism. When Styrbjörn brought this fleet to Uppsala to claim the throne of Sweden, Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes to avoid facing the Swedish army at the Battle of Fýrisvellir. [6] The traditional explanation is that Harald must have had a conspicuous bad tooth that appeared "blue" (i.e. The contemporary Peterborough Chronicle (part of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) states: before the month of August came king Sweyn with his fleet to Sandwich. He had reigned for less than a year. The historicity of this exile, or its duration, is uncertain. His son was King Canute (Knut) "The Great". Sweyn's father, Harald Bluetooth, was the first of the Scandinavian kings to officially accept Christianity, in the mid-960s. Conflicting accounts of Sweyn's later life also appear in the Encomium Emmae Reginae, an 11th-century Latin encomium in honour of his son king Cnut's queen Emma of Normandy, along with Chronicon ex chronicis by Florence of Worcester, another 11th-century author. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. Her descendants continue to reign in Denmark to this day. The empire of Sweyn Forkbeard and his son is often referred to by historians today as the North Sea Empire or the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire. It is thought that they both died in the St. Brice's Day massacre in November 1002. He is believed to have died in 986, although several accounts claim 985 as his year of death. (2015)", History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen, "Tech History: How Bluetooth got its name", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harald_Bluetooth&oldid=1002588329, Converts to Christianity from pagan religions, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from February 2019, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 03:53. He overthrew his father and took the throne of king of the Danes (c. 987). Sweyn’s son Cnut even makes him Jarl in 1017. "black", as blár "blue" meant "blue-black", or "dark-coloured"). Sweyn, known as Forkbeard due to his long, cleft beard, was the son of Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark and was born around 960 AD. Sweyn Forkbeard. …short-lived, however, and his son Sweyn I (Forkbeard) was forced to rewin the country. [14], Adam of Bremen, writing 100 years after King Harald's death in "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen", finished in 1076, describes Harald being forcibly converted by Otto I, after a defeat in battle. He was the father of King Harald II of Denmark, King Cnut the Great and Queen Estrid Svendsdatter. Some sources say his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him from his Danish throne before his death. In the mid-980s, Sweyn revolted against his father, Harald Bluetooth, and seized the throne. According to Adam of Bremen, an 11th-century historian, Harald's son Sweyn was baptised Otto, in tribute to the German king Otto I,[3] who was the first Holy Roman Emperor. Tradition locates this church in Roskilde,[14] but it is more plausible that it was actually located in Lund in Scania (now part of Sweden).[17]. Anders Winroth, Viking Sources in Translation, in text drawing on a caption by Anders Winroth in Barbara Rosenwein, Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres, "A unique object from Harald Bluetooth´s time. King Æthelred sent his sons Edward and Alfred to Normandy, and himself retreated to the Isle of Wight, and then followed them into exile. [citation needed]. [14] Historiographical sources on Sweyn's life include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (where his name is rendered as Swegen), Adam of Bremen's 12th-century Deeds of the Bishops of Hamburg, and Snorri Sturluson's 13th-century Heimskringla. Estrith 's son, succeeded him as King Svein 's vassal kingdom Denmark! Mouth, and so upward along the Trent till he came to Gainsborough the Humber 's mouth and... 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