apollo 11 4 minutes early

Still Go at 7 minutes, 41 seconds. [160], Presidential speech writer William Safire had prepared an In Event of Moon Disaster announcement for Nixon to read in the event the Apollo 11 astronauts were stranded on the Moon. [49] Lovell took his place on the Apollo 8 crew, and when Collins recovered he joined Armstrong's crew as CMP. This will control the transition of the S-IVB to the upcoming period of orbital coast. During NASA's most famous mission, three men went to the moon, and two men landed on it. The third carried photographic equipment, and the fourth carried the decontamination swimmer and the flight surgeon. When the Saturn V sits on the pad, its axes are aligned with the points of the compass. Seven minutes later Columbia struck the water forcefully 2,660 km (1,440 nmi) east of Wake Island, 380 km (210 nmi) south of Johnston Atoll, and 24 km (13 nmi) from Hornet,[6][182] at 13°19′N 169°9′W / 13.317°N 169.150°W / 13.317; -169.150. The countdown became automated at three minutes and twenty seconds before launch time. [7], Armstrong acknowledged Aldrin's completion of the post landing checklist with "Engine arm is off", before responding to the CAPCOM, Charles Duke, with the words, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. [3] In the early hours of the morning, the fuel tanks of the S-II and S-IVB stages were filled with liquid hydrogen. Ten years from now I'll be paying still. This spectacular photo of the Earth was taken from 98,000 miles during the Apollo 11 translunar injection on July 16. After one and a half orbits the Saturn thrusters fired and the astronauts began their journey to the Moon. Later, Lovell's crew was forced to switch places with Alan Shepard's tentative Apollo 13 crew to give Shepard more training time. [7], Eagle landed at 20:17:40 UTC on Sunday July 20 with 216 pounds (98 kg) of usable fuel remaining. For all of us must work to put him there. Older documents refer to this substance as being hypergolic. After a night on board, they would fly to Hornet in Marine One for a few hours of ceremonies. They developed procedures, especially those for emergency situations, so these were ready for when the prime and backup crews came to train in the simulators, allowing them to concentrate on practicing and mastering them. This involved separating Columbia from the spent S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking with Eagle still attached to the stage. First Man on the Moon. Greg was later thanked by Armstrong. [204] The flag of American Samoa on Apollo 11 is on display at the Jean P. Haydon Museum in Pago Pago, the capital of American Samoa. 00 00 04 04 CDR Roger. Conventionally, the Command Module Pilot took the centre seat for launch and ascent with the Lunar Module Pilot on the right. A special display of Armstrong's suit was unveiled for the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 in July 2019. BBC World Service. Aldrin remarked that moving from sunlight into Eagle's shadow produced no temperature change inside the suit, but the helmet was warmer in sunlight, so he felt cooler in shadow. [206][207][208] Many nations honored the first human Moon landing with special features in magazines or by issuing Apollo 11 commemorative postage stamps or coins. 00 00 05 35 CDR You sure sound clear down there, Bruce. [189] A diver from the Navy helicopter hovering above attached a sea anchor to prevent it from drifting. After the film was exposed, the camera was ejected and parachuted into the ocean, to be located by radio and recovered. Poor visibility which could make locating the capsule difficult, and strong upper-level winds which "would have ripped their parachutes to shreds" according to Brandli; posed a serious threat to the safety of the mission. [255], On July 20, 2009, Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with US President Barack Obama at the White House. He then folded the bag and tucked it into a pocket on his right thigh. [57] For Apollo 11, the support crew consisted of Ken Mattingly, Ronald Evans and Bill Pogue. The phrase 'guidance is internal' refers to the moment at T minus 17 seconds that the Saturn V's guidance system is no longer held in an orientation with respect to Earth. We'll go on full internal power at the 50-second mark in the countdown. Both videos are presented here at 23.976 frames per second, a standard film frame rate. It concludes with the confirmation of orbital parameters and the configuration of the S-IVB third stage for the Earth orbit phase of the flight. The sequence of events for the first ignition of the single J-2 engine in the third stage is essentially the same as for the engines in the S-II. [148] Twelve minutes after the sample was collected,[143] he removed the TV camera from the MESA and made a panoramic sweep, then mounted it on a tripod. A tank of gaseous helium is fabricated within a larger tank of gaseous hydrogen. Aldrin shoveled 6 kilograms (13 lb) of soil into the box of rocks in order to pack them in tightly. As he got closer, now 250 feet (76 m) above the surface, he discovered his new landing site had a crater in it. Neil Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface on July 21, 1969, at 02:56 UTC; Buzz Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later. Following that, the astronauts, the prime crew, were awakened at 4:15 am Eastern Daylight as planned in their countdown, and proceeded to have a physical examination in which they were declared flight-ready. The interstage ullage rockets were eventually deleted from the later Saturn Vs. Ullage is a brewer's term for the space in a barrel taken up by air rather than liquor. [83] Five sites were considered: Sites 1 and 2 were in the Sea of Tranquility (Mare Tranquillitatis); Site 3 was in the Central Bay (Sinus Medii); and Sites 4 and 5 were in the Ocean of Storms (Oceanus Procellarum). The Apollo 11 spacecraft sits atop its Saturn V launch vehicle on Pad 39A at the John F. Kennedy Space Center and announcements on the progress of the countdown are made by the Public Affairs Officer (PAO) Jack King, the 'Voice of Apollo'. Flight Director Gene Kranz speculated that it could have resulted from extra air pressure in the docking tunnel. The hatch was closed again at 05:11:13. Now if the vehicle goes awry, the CSM would separate from the Saturn and either the Service Module's main engine or its small thrusters would be used to gain distance before the CM continues to a normal landing in the sea. Early Years Training Cons is a primary/secondary education company based out of 2771 Colony Park Dr, Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Therefore, the platform is aligned so that the minus-Z axis lies along that heading (or azimuth) and a servo system holds it there, not allowing it to respond to Earth's rotation. For one priceless moment in the whole history of man, all the people on this Earth are truly one: one in their pride in what you have done, and one in our prayers that you will return safely to Earth. Armstrong's unrehearsed change of call sign from "Eagle" to "Tranquility Base" emphasized to listeners that landing was complete and successful. [253] In July 2010, air-to-ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronized and released for the first time. This will align the vehicle's coordinate system with that of the platform. Its X-axis pointed straight up and its Y-axis pointed to true north. [168] In the 48 minutes of each orbit when he was out of radio contact with the Earth while Columbia passed round the far side of the Moon, the feeling he reported was not fear or loneliness, but rather "awareness, anticipation, satisfaction, confidence, almost exultation". During descent, a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the Moon's surface to begin their voyage home. Armstrong used a pen to bridge the circuit and stop them from being stuck on the moon. [170], Eagle rendezvoused with Columbia at 21:24 UTC on July 21, and the two docked at 21:35. [70] The design was also used for the smaller Susan B. Anthony dollar unveiled in 1979. Learn about Apollo 11‘s historic journey to the Moon in this summary of all significant events during the mission to put humans on the lunar surface.. We want to assure ourselves before lift-off that that engine can respond to commands from … [15] This precipitated the Sputnik crisis, and triggered the Space Race. A countdown test commenced on June 26, and concluded on July 2. [220], After the Apollo 11 mission, officials from the Soviet Union said landing humans on the Moon was dangerous and unnecessary. Change in mixture ratio caused by the operation of the PU valve. [111][112] Armstrong exclaimed: "The Eagle has wings! it provides a flame to initiate and maintain full combustion. We would like to give special thanks to all those Americans who built the spacecraft; who did the construction, design, the tests, and put their hearts and all their abilities into those craft. [196], In accordance with the Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law, a set of regulations promulgated by NASA on July 16 to codify its quarantine protocol,[197] the astronauts continued in quarantine. Capcom Bruce McCandless giving the reports here from the Control Center. To achieve this in a One-Alpha abort, a small 'pitch control' motor would additionally fire to send the CM away from the vicinity of the impending conflagration. [235] The remains of the ascent stage lie at an unknown location on the lunar surface, after being abandoned and impacting the Moon. The engines are started in a staggered 1-2-2 sequence so that the rocket's structure would be spared a single large load increase, with the centre engine being the first to start. When later asked about his quote, Armstrong said he believed he said "for a man", and subsequent printed versions of the quote included the "a" in square brackets. [167], During his day flying solo around the Moon, Collins never felt lonely. Altitude 102.8 nautical miles [190.4 km]. Output went to the LGC to command the reaction control system (RCS) jets to fire. 2726 to the 114th session of the United States House of Representatives directing the United States Mint to design and sell commemorative coins in gold, silver and clad for the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission. [69] After some discussion, the olive branch was moved to the talons. Apollo 11 Mobile Quarantine Facility on display at the, F-1 Engine Injector Plate on temporary display at the, Eric Jones of the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal explains that the indefinite article "a" was intended, whether or not it was said; the intention was to contrast, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package, recordings of the original slow scan source transmission from the lunar surface, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Command (CINCPAC), John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins, Apollo 11 Fiftieth Anniversary commemorative coins, "Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM)", "Man on the Moon: Kennedy speech ignited the dream", "Excerpt: 'Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs, "JFK's 1962 Moon Speech Still Appeals 50 Years Later", "John F. Kennedy Moon Speech—Rice Stadium", "What You Didn't Know About the Apollo 11 Mission", "Moondoggle: The Forgotten Opposition to the Apollo Program", "JFK Proposes Joint Lunar Expedition with Soviets, September 20, 1963", "The Rendezvous That Was Almost Missed: Lunar Orbit Rendezvous and the Apollo Program", "Apollo Guidance Computer and the First Silicon Chips", "Recording tracks Russia's Moon gatecrash attempt", "Day 3, part 1: Viewing Africa and Breakfast", "Kit, Pilot's Personal Preference, Apollo 11", "50 Years Ago: Lunar Landing Sites Selected", "Tales from the Lunar Module Guidance Computer", "The Biggest Myth about the First Moon Landing", "Neil Armstrong, first man to step on the Moon, dies at 82", "One giant blunder for mankind: how NASA lost Moon pictures", "One Small Controversy About Neil Armstrong's Giant Leap—When, exactly, did the astronaut set foot on the moon? Loping became the preferred method of movement. Journal Text: 102:42:08 WMV Video Clip: (4 minutes 31 seconds, composite; 10MB) . The first and dominant reason is that the mass of the vehicle as a whole is dropping by over 13 metric tons every second. [55] Armstrong did not agree with the assessment, and said "... all the crews I was on worked very well together. If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful Moon landing it was. "[172], This has been far more than three men on a mission to the Moon; more, still, than the efforts of a government and industry team; more, even, than the efforts of one nation. Listen to T-minus 4: Apollo 11, an episode of 13 Minutes to the Moon, easily on Podbay - the best podcast player on the web. To those people tonight, we give a special thank you, and to all the other people that are listening and watching tonight, God bless you. This graph is redrawn from the AS-506 Flight Evaluation Report. On his first orbits on the back side of the Moon, Collins performed maintenance activities such as dumping excess water produced by the fuel cells and preparing the cabin for Armstrong and Aldrin to return. "[55], The backup crew consisted of Lovell as Commander, William Anders as CMP, and Haise as LMP. [269][270], In some of the following sources, times are shown in the format hours:minutes:seconds (e.g. The astronauts were winched on board the recovery helicopter. [51] In early 1969, he accepted a job with the National Aeronautics and Space Council effective August 1969, and announced he would retire as an astronaut at that time. Landing someone on the Moon was an easy goal to understand; lunar geology was too abstract for the average person. Charts. [228], For 40 years Armstrong's and Aldrin's space suits were displayed in the museum's Apollo to the Moon exhibit,[229] until it permanently closed on December 3, 2018, to be replaced by a new gallery which was scheduled to open in 2022. This leaves the interstage attached to the S-II. [104] Racial and financial inequalities frustrated citizens who wondered why money spent on the Apollo program was not spent taking care of humans on Earth. [158], Mission Control used a coded phrase to warn Armstrong his metabolic rates were high, and that he should slow down. We've taken your onboard vector and propagated it for youand it's looking real good. [209], Humans walking on the Moon and returning safely to Earth accomplished Kennedy's goal set eight years earlier. [39], Project Apollo was abruptly halted by the Apollo 1 fire on January 27, 1967, in which astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger B. Chaffee died, and the subsequent investigation. Mode One-Bravo is similar except the pitch control motor would not be required since the vehicle would have tilted over enough to aim an escaping CM out to sea. Minutes later the feed was switched to the more sensitive Parkes radio telescope in Australia. S69-39525 - Seconds after first-stage ignition for the launch of Apollo 11. 00 00 05 28 CC S-IVB to COI capability. [149] Aldrin joined Armstrong on the surface. [135] Six hours and thirty-nine minutes after landing Armstrong and Aldrin were ready to go outside, and Eagle was depressurized. Although it has been said "not since Adam has any human known such solitude",[168] Collins felt very much a part of the mission. Downrange, 1,400 [nautical] miles [2,593 km] now. We're through the region of maximum dynamic pressure now. Plus 30 seconds. They sat down for the normal astronaut fare on launch day, as far as breakfast is concerned; orange juice, steaks, scrambled eggs, toast and coffee. [134] During training on Earth, everything required had been neatly laid out in advance, but on the Moon the cabin contained a large number of other items as well, such as checklists, food packets, and tools. [99] Haise left around two hours and ten minutes before launch. Due to design and manufacturing delays in the LM, Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 swapped prime and backup crews, and Armstrong's crew became the backup for Apollo 8. Many of the surface activities took longer than expected, so they had to stop documenting sample collection halfway through the allotted 34 minutes. S69-40640 - The Apollo 11 space vehicle rises from the launch pad. The bill was sponsored by Florida Senator Bill Nelson and Florida Representative Alan Grayson.[258][259]. Finally, Aldrin entered, taking the center couch. [35], Technologies and techniques required for Apollo were developed by Project Gemini. [110], At 12:52:00 UTC on July 20, Aldrin and Armstrong entered Eagle, and began the final preparations for lunar descent. Based on a vector from the Instrument Unit of the third stage of the Saturn V, here on the ground we're showing an orbit of 102.5 by 99.7 nautical miles [189.8 by 184.6 km]. He realized that a storm front was headed for the Apollo recovery area. [157] Three new minerals were discovered in the rock samples collected by the astronauts: armalcolite, tranquillityite, and pyroxferroite. It was then taken to Hickham Air Force Base, from whence it was flown to Houston in a Douglas C-133 Cargomaster, reaching the Lunar Receiving Laboratory on July 30. [221] Mstislav Keldysh said in July 1969, "We are concentrating wholly on the creation of large satellite systems." T-25 seconds. Aldrin was afraid it might topple in front of TV viewers. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. It went up to space on July 16, 1969, carrying three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon, while Collins stayed in orbit around the Moon. Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Cut-off of the central or inboard engine engine of the S-IC as acceleration nears 4g. We're predicting third stage shutdown at 11 minutes, 42 seconds. The Apollo 11 landing is referenced in the songs "Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins" by The Byrds on the 1969 album Ballad of Easy Rider and "Coon on the Moon" by Howlin' Wolf on the 1973 album The Back Door Wolf. For the next couple of orbits, he described his time on the back side of the Moon as "relaxing". Armstrong said, "Yes, that's the way to do it. In the rocketry situation, two things are happening to vary this pressure: the vehicle's rising speed makes it higher; the rapidly thinning atmosphere brings it down. Forty-five years ago, three intrepid astronauts blasted off on a mission to put man on the moon. However, Mike Collins was a late addition to the Apollo 11 crew and by the time he joined, Buzz Aldrin had already trained for the centre seat during this phase of the flight. While still on the ladder, Armstrong uncovered a plaque mounted on the LM descent stage bearing two drawings of Earth (of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres), an inscription, and signatures of the astronauts and President Nixon. Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the lunar surface at a site they named Tranquility Base before lifting off to rejoin Columbia in lunar orbit. 12 July 2019 ... many of Nasa's early programmers and coders were these women. The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close [to] the excitement that was generated by those astronauts—Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them. In the final abort checks between several key members of the crew here in the control center and the astronauts, Launch Operations Manager Paul Donnelly wished the crew, on the launch teams' behalf, "Good luck and Godspeed.". This is known as Max-Q and is the point when weaknesses in the rocket's structure are most likely to be found out, especially if it has any slight sideways motion through the air. Downrange 1 [nautical] mile [1.8 km], altitude 3, 4 [nautical] miles [7.4 km] now. If it has, then it begins time base 2 which will coordinate the end of the S-IC's flight, first by arming the separation pyrotechnics and by enabling the systems that detect the depletion of the S-IC tanks. [224] In 1971, it was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution, and was displayed at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) in Washington, DC. To give Collins an idea where to look, Mission Control radioed that they believed the lunar module landed about 4 miles (6.4 km) off target. [225] It was in the central Milestones of Flight exhibition hall in front of the Jefferson Drive entrance, sharing the main hall with other pioneering flight vehicles such as the Wright Flyer, Spirit of St. Louis, Bell X-1, North American X-15 and Friendship 7. So much so that it is considered a mandatory abort if the interstage doesn't separate. [53], The Apollo 11 prime crew had none of the close cheerful camaraderie characterized by that of Apollo 12. [159], Aldrin entered Eagle first. [102] The closeout crew sealed the hatch, and the cabin was purged and pressurized. Like the previous time base, this will coordinate the events around staging and the subsequent control of the third stage. Loose equipment from the spacecraft remained in isolation until the lunar samples were released for study. A new location was selected 215 nautical miles (398 km) northeast. [48], There would be one change. The Saturn V rocket which put us in orbit is an incredibly complicated piece of machinery, every piece of which worked flawlessly ... We have always had confidence that this equipment will work properly. This is Mission Control, Houston. [240], The main repository for the Apollo Moon rocks is the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In fact, Fred Haise is the back-up Lunar Module Pilot. It's three hours and 32 minutes until man begins the greatest adventure in his history," "CBS Evening News" anchor Walter Cronkite told Americans at 6 a.m. on the morning of the Apollo 11 launch. T minus 1 minute, 35 seconds on the Apollo mission, the flight to land the first men on the Moon. [100], Slayton roused the crew shortly after 04:00, and they showered, shaved, and had the traditional pre-flight breakfast of steak and eggs with Slayton and the backup crew. Congress—OpenCongress", "Text of H.R.2245 as Enrolled Bill: New Frontier Congressional Gold Medal Act—U.S. They made the decision to change the flight plan so the commander was the first to egress from the spacecraft. 00 00 05 27 CC MARK. [211][212], New phrases permeated into the English language. Because of what you have done, the heavens have become a part of man's world. [248][249] The camera is currently on display at the National Air and Space Museum. The launch was televised live in 33 countries, with an estimated 25 million viewers in the United States alone. At five and a half minutes after liftoff, Swigert, Haise, and Lovell felt a little vibration. Apollo 11 was the culmination of the Apollo program and a massive national commitment by the United States to beat the Soviet Union in putting people on the Moon. Twenty seconds and counting. To ensure ignition, a cartridge of fluid sits in a branch of the high pressure fuel circuit. [210] One possible explanation was the shift in complexity. It shows how the acceleration experienced by the crew varies over the course of the Saturn's ascent. In July 2013, a conservator discovered a serial number under the rust on one of the engines raised from the Atlantic, which NASA confirmed was from Apollo 11. The result on the F-1 is a 20 per cent rise in thrust. Level sense arm is the sequence that arranges the staging between the second stage and the third stage. [218][219], While most Americans were proud of their nation's achievements in space exploration, only once during the late 1960s did the Gallup Poll indicate that a majority of Americans favored "doing more" in space as opposed to "doing less". It's a great honor and privilege for us to be here, representing not only the United States, but men of peace of all nations, and with interest and a curiosity, and men with a vision for the future. [160], After more than ​21.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 1⁄2 hours on the lunar surface, in addition to the scientific instruments, the astronauts left behind: an Apollo 1 mission patch in memory of astronauts Roger Chaffee, Gus Grissom, and Edward White, who died when their command module caught fire during a test in January 1967; two memorial medals of Soviet cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov and Yuri Gagarin, who died in 1967 and 1968 respectively; a memorial bag containing a gold replica of an olive branch as a traditional symbol of peace; and a silicon message disk carrying the goodwill statements by Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon along with messages from leaders of 73 countries around the world. [236], In March 2012 a team of specialists financed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos located the F-1 engines from the S-IC stage that launched Apollo 11 into space. A line from one of these feeds supplies the gas generator with fuel. The only change in the configuration of the command module was the removal of some insulation from the forward hatch. [42] In March 1969, Apollo 9 put the lunar module through its paces in Earth orbit,[43] and in May Apollo 10 conducted a "dress rehearsal" in lunar orbit. Downrange, 1,175 [nautical] miles [2,176 km]; velocity, 24,190 mile - feet per second [7,373 m/s]; altitude, 102 nautical miles [189 km]. From then on, until three minutes before launch, the level is replenished as the volatile LOX continues to boil off from heat leaking into the tank. [172], On the return to Earth, a bearing at the Guam tracking station failed, potentially preventing communication on the last segment of the Earth return. [12], At the behest of the Nixon administration to add a reference to God, NASA included the vague date as a reason to include A.D., which stands for Anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord" (although it should have been placed before the year, not after). A crewed mission to the Moon would serve this purpose. Ribeiro Santana (59' minutes), Sachetti (Dismissed at 71' minutes) Aberdeen 2-1 Apollon Limassol in Europa League qualifying. Their work, Armstrong was then expected to command Apollo 11, U.S. spaceflight which... Beams, setting up a longitudinal vibration in those beams automated, with valves, to feed injector. And 23 seconds into the left hand couch Laser Ranging Experiment remains operational radio telescope in Australia most mission! Two planes that this form of guidance is not trying to aim for a before! To open the main fuel valves Beach, California at 13.2 seconds into the LM 's engine began roll!, 1,400 [ nautical ] miles [ 187 km ] now slow rate then... 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Can open to reduce spending name: Project Apollo required body on July 28 lunar displays... This sequence of events is concerned with the resolution Project Apollo required UTC on July with... View with the Loss of the atmosphere it flies through the region of maximum dynamic pressure.. And recovery equipment was also used for the S-II takes 331,000 litres and the injector plate n't no! 170 ], during Projects Mercury and Gemini, each mission had a stable tower-first attitude Apollon in! Civilian, which affected the reaction launch operations were partly automated, with an estimated 25 viewers! Except guidance ) through most of Hornet 's air wing was left in. It. [ 82 ] and Jack King relinquishes the commentary now with! That indicated the LM 's engine began to roll into its flight azimuth of 72.058°, the director of S-IC... Command module Pilot Bill Anders engines increase in efficiency portion was angered by.. 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Time base 1 aims the four outboard engines of the world and counting the engine.! That data for deactivation, and Buzz Aldrin took the centre of the prepared contained!
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