Horatio Alger Jr. (/ ˈ æ l dʒ ər /; January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was an American writer of young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. He tutored with never a whisper of scandal. A general trust was central to his stories. [12], In July 1848, Alger passed the Harvard entrance examinations[12] and was admitted to the class of 1852. [75] The second major theme is Character Strengthened Through Adversity. The romance between that man and I was no Romeo and Juliet, but we will sacrifice for each other in any situation. Scharnhorst speculates this episode in Alger's childhood accounts for the recurrent theme in his boys' books of heroes threatened with eviction or foreclosure and may account for Alger's "consistent espousal of environmental reform proposals". His virtuous life wins him not riches but, more realistically, a comfortable clerical position and salary. He continued to write, submitting his work to religious and literary magazines, with varying success. Alger was born on January 13, 1832, in the New England coastal town of Chelsea, Massachusetts, the son of Horatio Alger Sr., a Unitarian minister, and Olive Augusta Fenno. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. [11] Horatio attended Gates Academy, a local preparatory school,[10] and completed his studies at age 15. He could have clear enemies from the beginning of the story. The end of Silas Snobden's Office Boy says, "As for Frank, all goes smoothly with him. Mason (12.31) Circe, character in Greek mythology (13.52) Ivan Turgenieff, a.k.a. This novel was a huge success. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. They didn't see that much of the fortune came as a result of the good deeds that the hero did. [58], He suffered from bronchitis and asthma for two years. These children were brought to cities and trained as pickpockets on the streets and had to serve masters. Alger continued to produce stories of honest boys outwitting evil, greedy squires and malicious youths. The following provided the information for my thoughts in this lens. He led a busy life with street boys, Harvard classmates, and the social elite. [30][31] He submitted stories to The Student and Schoolmate, a boys' monthly magazine of moral writings, edited by William Taylor Adams and published in Boston by Joseph H. The first, the Rise to Respectability, he observes, is evident in both his early and his late books, notably Ragged Dick, whose impoverished young hero declares, "I mean to turn over a new leaf, and try to grow up 'spectable." The "Alger hero [became a] synonym for spectacular rise to fame and wealth." [41], In January 1867 the first of 12 installments of Ragged Dick appeared in Student and Schoolmate. Ralph D. Gardener said right before the beginning of Silas Snobden's Office Boy, "You are going to enjoy this excursion into the tranquil, uncomplicated world of Horatio Alger." Alger wrote more than 100 stories during his lifetime which were published by more than 70 different publishers. [58], His popularity—and income—dwindled in the 1890s. There are many lines to the plot, which thickens as many enemies of the main character go against him, some together. [61][62] He is buried in the family lot at Glenwood Cemetery, South Natick, Massachusetts. It was rare that a kind rich person would help them out by giving them money or a better job. Horatio Alger, Jr. (1834 1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author, best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. Brinkley, Alan. He is diligent in business and is likely to become a rich man." [14] His genteel poverty and less-than-aristocratic heritage, however, barred him from membership in the Hasty Pudding Club and the Porcellian Club. "However", he writes, "the true Americanization of this fairy tale occurs in its subversion of this claiming of nobility; rather, the Alger hero achieves the American Dream in its nascent form, he gains a position of middle-class respectability that promises to lead wherever his motivation may take him". His publisher suggested he tour the American West for fresh material to incorporate into his fiction. [6] The 14-member, full-time Harvard faculty included Louis Agassiz and Asa Gray (sciences), Cornelius Conway Felton (classics), James Walker (religion and philosophy), and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (belles-lettres). Occasionally a magazine would run two of Alger's stories at the same time, so to avoid confusion, they would put one of them under a pen name (Silas Snobden's Office Boy is an example of this.) After the success of Ragged Dick, Alger became an active supporter of charitable institutions that supported runaway boys. Alger was commissioned to write a biography of Abraham Lincoln, but again it was Alger the boys' novelist opting for thrills rather than facts. [26], His first novel, Marie Bertrand: The Felon's Daughter, was serialized in New York Weekly in 1864, and his first boys' book, Frank's Campaign, was published by A. K. Loring in Boston the same year. Biography. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans is dedicated to the simple but powerful belief that hard work, honesty and determination can conquer all obstacles. Horatio Alger, Jr. (January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author, best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. In 1896, he had what he called a "nervous breakdown"; he relocated permanently to his sister's home in South Natick, Massachusetts. In Silas Snobden's Office Boy, a kidnapped boy disguised as a girl is threatened with being sent to the "insane asylum" if he should reveal his actual sex. Quite the same Wikipedia. Helen M. Gray, the executive director of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, presented a selection of Alger's books to Philip Coltoff, the Children's Aid Society executive director. [15] In 1849 he became a professional writer when he sold two essays and a poem to the Pictorial National Library, a Boston magazine. [73], Alger scholar Gary Scharnhorst describes Alger's style as "anachronistic", "often laughable", "distinctive", and "distinguished by the quality of its literary allusions". He also wished to show the middle class the hardships faced by the poor children of the country. It was expanded and published as a novel in 1868. His writings were characterized by the "rags-to-riches" … Research each allusion. "The Horatio Alger Myth", in, The Papers of Horatio Alger, 1880–1953 (990 pieces) are housed at the, The H. Jack Barker Papers, undated (3 linear feet), are housed at, The Seligman Family Papers, 1877–1934 (0.8 linear feet), are housed at the, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 03:18. The Erie Train Boy. American History. This myth was important to the general population because as the United States was becoming more corporate and industrialized it because harder for people to control their own fates. Although Alger was willing to speak to James, his sexuality was a closely guarded secret. My brother tricked me and ran just like Road Runner. There is reason to believe that Alger was homosexual, but his sexual orientation wasn't known to the general public so it probably didn't affect his fame at all. His writings were characterized by the "rags-to-riches" narrative, which had a formative effect on the United States during the Gilded Age. He hoped to influence the class that he was writing about. The third theme is Beauty versus Money, which became central to Alger's adult fiction. Alger took a trip to California, but the trip had little effect on his writing: he remained mired in the staid theme of "poor boy makes good." a. The name Midas is now used to mean very rich. His properties around Chelsea were seized and assigned to a local squire who held the mortgages. He died on July 18, 1899, at the home of his sister in Natick, Massachusetts. [28][32] In September 1865 his second boys' book, Paul Prescott's Charge, was published and received favorable reviews. [18] He briefly attended Harvard Divinity School in 1853, possibly to be reunited with a romantic interest,[19] but left in November 1853 to take a job as an assistant editor at the Boston Daily Advertiser. In The Young Bank Messenger, for example, a woman is throttled and threatened with death—an episode that would never have occurred in his earlier work. He attended a children's church service at Five Points, which led to "John Maynard", a ballad about an actual shipwreck on Lake Erie, which brought Alger not only the respect of the literati but a letter from Longfellow. Obviously, Alger’s most revisited theme of ‘nothing t… Horatio Alger, born in 1832, was the oldest of five children born into a middle class family. His rise to become head of an international corporation is a real Horatio Alger story. Alger wrote, for example, that it was difficult to distinguish whether Tattered Tom was a boy or a girl and in other instances, he introduces foppish, effeminate, lisping "stereotypical homosexuals" who are treated with scorn and pity by others. After Ragged Dick he wrote almost entirely for boys,[43] and he signed a contract with publisher Loring for a Ragged Dick Series. Geck observes that Alger's themes have been transformed in modern America from their original meanings into a male Cinderella myth and are an Americanization of the traditional Jack tales. Scharnhorst points out that the patron in Try and Trust, for example, conceals a "sad secret" from which he is redeemed only after saving the hero's life. Horatio Alger had many different reasons for writing his success stories. You have put a lot of work into describing Horatio Alger's work and impact. Horatio Alger, Jr.(January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author, best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. [81] He observes that it is impossible to know whether Alger lived the life of a secret homosexual, "[b]ut there are hints that the male companionship he describes as a refuge from the streets—the cozy domestic arrangements between Dick and Fosdick, for example—may also be an erotic relationship". His writings were characterized by the "rags-to-riches" narrative, which … Alger was a highly prolific writer authoring 120 major works before his death in 1899, cementing his place among the pantheon of popular novelists at the time. [66] The first Alger biography was a heavily fictionalized account published in 1928 by Herbert R. Mayes, who later admitted the work was a fraud. [24] In the spring of 1861, he returned to a nation in the throes of the Civil War. This brings the boy—and his plight—to the attention of a wealthy individual. Buckley, always adept at lacing his political/legal analysis with literary allusions, begins with a panegyric to Horatio Alger ’s character Ragged Dick, the plucky urchin of late 19th century fiction who rises from the streets of New York City to a position of respectability by dint of honesty, thrift, and hard work. His life is a Horatio Alger story. I have heard of him but not know much so this is information for me. [76] Other major themes include the Old World versus the New. The cinnamon rolls were huge and golden brown, reminiscent of the twisted buns the sides of Princess Leia’s head. In addition, Alger's books were offered as dramatic audiobooks by the same publisher. Trachtenberg concludes, "in Ragged Dick we see Alger plotting domestic romance, complete with a surrogate marriage of two homeless boys, as the setting for his formulaic metamorphosis of an outcast street boy into a self-respecting citizen". Horatio Alger, born in 1832, was the oldest of five children born into a middle class family. "He served up heroes with whom they identified, bullies they could whip and goal they believed they might attain." [67][68], Since 1947, the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans has bestowed an annual award on "outstanding individuals in our society who have succeeded in the face of adversity" and scholarships "to encourage young people to pursue their dreams with determination and perseverance". Research the meaning of any allusions that are unfamiliar to you. [46][49] He wrote a few lackluster books in the following years, rehashing his established themes, but this time the tales were played before a Western background rather than an urban one. 1. Unlike real life, in the stories everything works out great. I first learned about Alger in my 11th grade American History class. [46] In 1875 Alger produced the serial Shifting for Himself and Sam's Chance, a sequel to The Young Outlaw. Born in 1832, Horatio Alger, Jr. grew up in a middle class Massachusetts family, attended Harvard, and worked briefly as a pastor before putting his pen to paper professionally in the early 1860s. His writings were characterized by the "rags-to-riches" narrative, which had a formative effect on … Profits suffered, and he headed West for new material at Loring's behest, arriving in California in February 1877. Turgenev, Sportsman’s Sketches (14.1, 14.7) Historical References. [9], Alger began attending Chelsea Grammar School in 1842,[10] but by December 1844 his father's financial troubles had worsened considerably and, in search of a better salary, he moved the family to Marlborough, Massachusetts, an agricultural town 25 miles west of Boston, where he was installed as pastor of the Second Congregational Society in January 1845 with a salary sufficient to meet his needs. Alger was born in Massachusetts, and attended Harvard College. Since 1947, the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans has awarded scholarships and prizes to deserving individuals. His readers ignored the moral qualities of his heroes and instead focused on their success. Characters fall in love and marry on the basis of their character, talents, or intellect rather than the size of their bank accounts. The villains are dirty and scary looking whereas the heroes are clean, honest, good people. [46][48] He enjoyed a reunion with his brother James in San Francisco and returned to New York late in 1877 on a schooner that sailed around Cape Horn. Click again to see term 1/38 The stories give hope and comfort to those that read them because they are so uplifting, unlike reality. Horatio Alger, Jr. (January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author, best known for his many juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. Very few of the characters came from "old money", most were self made men. [27] Alger initially wrote for adult magazines, including Harper's Magazine and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, but a friendship with William Taylor Adams, a boys' author, led him to write for the young. One example of his fame comes from an award that bears his name, the Horatio Alger Award. The "rags to riches" stories that Horatio Alger Jr. wrote in the late nineteenth century helped the population of the United States believe the myth that anyone could work hard and become rich, a "self made man". Phil the Fiddler brought attention to the "market" of children taken from poor families in Italy. Virginia Allain from Central Florida on June 24, 2011: Well done page about this vintage author! [37][38] Alger sent Unitarian officials in Boston a letter of remorse, and his father assured them his son would never seek another post in the church. [55] The times had changed, boys expected more, and a streak of violence entered Alger's work. It was extremely hard to improve their situations in the workplace. "[78], Alger scholar Edwin P. Hoyt notes that Alger's morality "coarsened" around 1880, possibly influenced by the Western tales he was writing, because "the most dreadful things were now almost casually proposed and explored". Some of Alger's stories brought attention to important social needs of the late nineteenth century. However, it is not always the hard work and clean living that rescue the boy from his situation, but rather a wealthy older gentleman, who admires the boy as a result of some extraordinary act of bravery or honesty that the boy has performed. In Massachusetts, he was regarded with the same reverence as Harriet Beecher Stowe. [13], Alger thrived in the highly disciplined and regimented Harvard environment, winning scholastic and other prestigious awards. Leyden, MA: Aeonian Press Inc., 1975. The backdrops of these novels, however, became the American West rather than the urban environments of the northeastern United States. "Alger, Horatio" Encyclopedia Britannica Online [Accessed March 8, 2001], Alger, Horatio. [39], In 1866, Alger relocated to New York City where he studied the condition of the street boys, and found in them an abundance of interesting material for stories. Scharnhorst credits these allusions with distinguishing Alger's novels from pulp fiction.[74]. Alger became the bestselling author of his time period with millions of copies sold to the public. According to Scharnhorst, Alger's father was "an impoverished man" who defaulted on his debts in 1844. [80], Alan Trachtenberg, in his introduction to the Signet Classic edition of Ragged Dick (1990), points out that Alger had tremendous sympathy for boys and discovered a calling for himself in the composition of boys' books. He wished to do this by showing them what "energy, ambition and and honest purpose may achieve." People are rewarded for doing good things and helping people out. [13] Alger's classmate Joseph Hodges Choate described Harvard at this time as "provincial and local because its scope and outlook hardly extended beyond the boundaries of New England; besides which it was very denominational, being held exclusively in the hands of Unitarians". He wrote "Friar Anselmo" at this time, a poem that tells of a sinning cleric's atonement through good deeds. In this lens, I will explore what Horatio Alger gave our country, from cliffhanger episodes to the myth that the good will rise up. Since he was writing so many stories at once, Alger would sometimes make mistakes in names of his characters. [12] He published his earliest literary works in local newspapers. He fared better with stories for boys published in Student and Schoolmate and a third boys' book, Charlie Codman's Cruise. [60][64], Alger's works received favorable comments and experienced a resurgence following his death. He was such a popular author in this time period that he was often working on 3 or 4 stories at the same time. Horatio Alger, Jr. (1834–1899) was a prolific 19th-century American author, best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. They writing style is one a younger child could easily read and enjoy. (Forward written by Ralph D. Gardener), Alger, Horatio. Horatio Alger Jr. (/ˈældʒər/; January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was an American writer of young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. 1. The story, about a poor bootblack's rise to middle-class respectability, was a huge success. [53], In 1881, Alger informally adopted Charlie Davis, a street boy, and another, John Downie, in 1883; they lived in Alger's apartment. Many of his stories were published a chapter at a time in magazines. [71][72], In 2015, many of Alger's books were published as illustrated paperbacks and ebooks under the title "Stories of Success" by Horatio Alger. [16] He began reading Walter Scott, James Fenimore Cooper, Herman Melville, and other modern writers of fiction and cultivated a lifelong love for Longfellow, whose verse he sometimes employed as a model for his own. During the Jazz Age and the Great Depression, "the Horatio Alger plot was viewed from the perspective of Progressivism as a staunch defense of laissez-faire capitalism, yet at the same time criticizing the cutthroat business techniques and offering hope to a suffering young generation during the Great Depression". Alger sold more than 200 million books after the Civil War by writing about characters such as "Ragged Dick" and "Poorhouse Jed," who overcame incredible odds to succeed in life. Horatio Alger, Jr. [63], Before his death, Alger asked Edward Stratemeyer to complete his unfinished works. Horatio Alger American author (1832-99). [57] His last novel for adults, The Disagreeable Woman, was published under the pseudonym Julian Starr. He wrote magazine stories and poems, a few novels for adults, and 100 plus boys' books. By the Atomic Age, however "Alger's hero was no longer a poor boy who, through determination and providence rose to middle-class respectability. Because of the determination of its people, the country rose like a phoenix from the ashes of revolution. Edward Everett served as president. Geck notes that perception of the "pluck" characteristic of an Alger hero has changed over the decades. In one story, for example, a young boy is almost run over by streetcar and a homeless orphan youth snatches him out of the way to safety. [28], On December 8, 1864, Alger was enlisted as a pastor with the First Unitarian Church and Society of Brewster, Massachusetts. Ford and Timothy Crump 's Ward self made men the first of 12 installments of Ragged Dick Alger. Jam packed with action and do n't have much description a lot of work describing. [ 61 ] [ 60 ] [ 64 ], in January the. As many enemies of the determination of its people, biographies, humorous stories, can... In Student and Schoolmate and a lack of morals in his early adulthood her a... 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The officials were satisfied and decided no further action would be taken [ 62 ] he buried. The happy ending is what Horatio Alger story at least, the biggest details are n't consistent brother... Alger were misleading because they caused people to believe that anyone could improve social... For two years the sentence identifying the character example of his heroes and instead focused on success... A popular author in this lens lot of work into describing Horatio Alger is all about! `` an... Series of rags-to-riches stories [ 52 ] in 1901, young Captain Jack was completed by Stratemeyer and promoted Alger! Were published by more than 100 stories during his lifetime which were published by than. In Massachusetts series of rags-to-riches stories extension is being checked by specialists of the 19th century Alger... A comfortable clerical position and salary the mind an ease from every day life share essentially the same.! 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[ 74 ] he abandoned forever any thought of a career in the decades. Taken from poor families in Italy 's stories brought attention to the present, love...

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