Franziskanermissionen in der Sierra Gorda (2003) | When the city fell, most of the sculptures in this area were smashed or defaced with some being reused as building stone. Most of the remains of these columns are on display at the site museum. One criticism is the illumination of pyramids at night without any kind of cultural historical instruction. Präkolumbische Stadt und Nationalpark von Palenque (1987) | However the city also had communities located on the hills east and west of the main city, with mostly lower-class dwellings. The center figure has his arms held back by the one on the left. Surrounding it are tobacco fields, banana plantations, apiaries and vanilla groves. Prähistorische Höhlen von Yagul und Mitla im Tal von Oaxaca (2010) | [34][35] The east and west pyramids of the arroyo group each held three temples at the top. [34] The market that filled this plaza consisted of stalls made with sticks and cloth offering regional products such as vanilla as well as products from other parts of Mesoamerica such as jaguar skins, exotic birds such as the parrot and the macaw and quetzal feathers. It is a modern facility with the aim of being a center of Veracruz indigenous identity. This is the only multistoried palace found outside the Mayan areas. Although it was previously believed that the pre-Hispanic town was inhabited in three different phases during 100 BC-1200 AD, recent research suggests that El Tajín was occupied only in one phase during 800-1200 AD. As late as the mid 20th century, remains of beeswax candles could still be found left on the first level of this pyramid. At the top of the pyramid there were tablets framed by grotesque serpent-dragons. These buildings are situated on a platform-terrace with was formed on natural contours and filled in spaces. Die Stadt wurde im 1. The two lower levels are adorned with larger niches as is the top of the stairway divider. It has become the focus of the site because of its unusual design and good state of preservation. [11] Evidence of the city's influence can be seen along the Veracruz Gulf coast to the Maya region and into the high plateau of central Mexico. Receive free updates. [50], While the Blue Temple was a fairly early construction, the pyramid next to it, Building 23 was built very late in Tajin's history. The main exhibits of the roofed area are the fragments recovered from the Building of the Columns, with a number partially reassembled. Stairways lead from the plaza floor to the temples above. His drawings and descriptions were published in a book named Voyage pittoresque et archéologique published in Paris in 1836. Um 1200 wurde die Stätte wieder verlassen. El Tajín is a pre-Columbian archeological site in southern Mexico and is one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica. Präkolumbische Stadt Teotihuacán (1987) | Herzlich Willkommen hier. Behind these buildings is a large plaza with small low structures on its edges. The merchant deity found here has features more in common with this kind of deity in the central highlands of Mexico than of Tajín. El Tajin was founded following the abandonment of the city of Teotihuacan. It has been determined that this was the city marketplace because of the large plaza space for stalls and for a deity found here that is related to commerce. [6] In total there have been 20 ballcourts discovered at this site, (the last 3 being discovered in March 2013). Am 30. This is a wall, which from above forms a giant stepped fret and encloses about 129,000 square feet (12,000 m2). It is located in the center of a pyramid complex and consists of a truncated pyramid rising from a platform that is over 32,000 square feet (3,000 m2) in size. Man nimmt an, dass die Tolteken eine Zeit lang über El Tajín herrschten. Denkmalensemble von Querétaro (1996) | The scene shows as dual procession with 13 Rabbit seated on a wooden throne and his feet on a severed head. Vorkolumbische Stadt Chichén Itzá (1988) | There is a popular belief that each niche contained an idol or effigy but archeological work here has ruled this out. Its cultural influence extended all along the Gulf and penetrated into the Maya region and the high plateaux of central Mexico. [11][34], This pyramid has as a number of names, including El Tajín, Pyramid of Papantla, Pyramid of the Seven Stories and the Temple of the Niches. [1], Kulturerbe: [21] While the city had been completely covered by jungle from its demise until the 19th century, it is unlikely that knowledge of the place was completely lost to the native peoples. [48], Just east of Tajin Chico is an area of valley floor. Access to the first level of the pyramid, which is lined with niches, is via a single staircase on the west side or a double staircase on the east side. This fill is strained between the sloping walls which become the taluds of each level of the pyramid. [11] Total site extends for 1,056 hectares (4.08 sq mi). In being named a World Heritage Site in 1992, new facilities have been added to this area, such as a cafeteria, information services, a park and administrative offices. In the center are two intertwined serpents which seem to form the shape of a tlaxmalactl or ball game marker. The powder is tangy and spicy, and has a color ranging from amber to carmine. Panorama of El Tajin Archaeological Site - Veracruz - Mexico - 04 (15835815320).jpg 4,912 × 1,080; 2.3 MB. [39], The pyramid is flanked by two smaller structures named Building 2 and Building 4. Sie begrüßen den Stamm und umkreisen ihn mehrmals. La description est disponible sous licence CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. This area is one of the oldest sections of the city, and is more than 86,100 square feet (8,000 m2). The city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage in the 1990s as all the monuments at El Tajín, including their surrounding landscape, have survived virtually unaltered over the centuries, hidden from man by the tropical jungle. The objective is not only to see the different costumes and styles of the groups but to share experiences about the fertility ritual. [30], The entrance to the site is located at the south end. Each year since 1992, the number of visitors to the site increases which now stands at 653,000 annually. At their waists are the protective and ritual accoutrements which are very similar to the stone yokes, palmas and hachas common in elite burials. The top of the pyramid contains two platforms, both of which are decorated with stepped frets. Vor dem Fällen tanzten sie ihm zu Ehren und baten um die Erlaubnis für das Fällen. [10], The site is located in Mexico in the highlands of the municipality of Papantla in modern-day Veracruz, not far from the city of Poza Rica, which lies northwest of the port and city of Veracruz. The voladores appear every half-hour at the pole and circle erected just outside the main gate. [29] (wikerson45) Another feature unique to El Tajin is that a number of the residences have windows placed to allow cool breezes to enter on hot days. This structure is unique among Mesoamerican sites and contains two or three small ballcourts. [52], Building 5 is considered to be the stateliest of the El Tajin site. The three figures are all dressed in the garments and symbols of the ballgame. Blue is most often associated with the rain god but there is no other evidence to support this. [6], When it was rediscovered by officialdom in 1785, the site was known to the local Totonac, whose ancestors may also have built the city, as El Tajín, which was said to mean “of thunder or lightning bolt”. [11], While ballcourts are common in Mesoamerica, El Tajin distinguishes itself by having seventeen. [43], Building B is a two-story structure that was used as a residence and classified as a palace. It is now known that it belonged to the center of the city. The court is made of stones of up to ten tons in weight many of which came from outside the valley. The panels on the ends show scenes from the ballgame itself and the center panels show responses from the gods. [58], The Cumbre Tajin is an annual artistic and cultural festival which is held at the site in March. Auch heute noch wird in El Tajín mehrmals am Tag ein altes Fruchtbarkeitsritual der Totonaken gezeigt, der Danza del Volador. El Tajin, cité préhispanique. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Media; El Tajin: UNESCO World Heritage Site. Even after the fall of El Tajin, sometime around 1200 A.D., locals kept the temple clear and … Ubicado en el estado de Veracruz, El Tajín es uno de los muchos sitios arqueológicos importantes de México. Die Erbauer der weitläufigen Anlage, die ihre Blütezeit zwischen 300 und 1100 n. Chr. From the early centuries, objects from Teotihuacan are abundant. Except for six benches on the staircase and at the top of the balustrades, probably later additions, there are no niches. [5] The upper story is reached by narrow stairway. Rozkwit miasta przypadł na okres między VI a XII wiekiem, po którym nastąpił dość szybki upadek El Tajin. This building is thought to the last built with niches. El Tajin experienced a prosperous period between 600-1200 A.D. at the expense of Teotihuacan and Palenque, until it was abandoned. The differences are a depiction of the moon as a rabbit, the rain god in front of the temple and the level of the liquid in the vat lowered. The divider in the center is a buttress to hold the fill behind the stairs in place. [6], Since becoming a World Heritage Site, research and conservation efforts have been made to promote knowledge of and protect the site. Situé dans l'État de Veracruz, El Tajin atteignit son apogée entre le début du IX e et le début du XIII e siècle. The third story begins with a wall of niches and no visible stairs. This name also appears in the Matricula de Tributos, a surviving Aztec tribute record, which later formed part of the Codex Mendoza. The niches on the original structure, not counting those on the later stairway, total 365, the solar year. 13 Rabbit's name glyph appears above as well as an attendant named 4 Axe. [27] The finished roofs were nearly a meter thick and almost perfectly flat. He claimed the natives had kept the place secret. The northwest panel shows the beginning of the ballgame. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema El Tajín sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. A part of the Classic Veracruz culture, El Tajín flourished from 600 to 1200 C.E. It is unknown if the similarity between this building and the Pyramid of the Niches indicates a relationship between the two. This temple was obviously of great symbolic importance to the people of El Tajin: it once contained exactly 365 niches, marking its connection to the solar year. Universitätscampus der Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2007) | Jh. [38], Sculpture from the temple is largely fragmentary. Der ausgesuchte Baumstamm musste mindestens 25 m hoch und die Seillänge genau abgemessen sein, damit die vier fliegenden Voladores exakt 13 Umkreisungen des Stammes erreichen, welche einen Zeitraum von 52 (4x13) Jahren symbolisieren. Building 4 contains a smaller, older structure inside it that may be among the earliest structures at the site. [8] The site museum is also located here. Maya-Stadt Calakmul und Tropische Regenwälder in Campeche (2002), Haager Konvention zum Schutz von Kulturgut bei bewaffneten Konflikten, Übersicht der präkolumbischen Ruinen in Mexiko (ohne Maya), http://www.manos-de-oaxaca.com/afrocaribe/ac_el-taj.htm, Felszeichnungen in der Sierra de San Francisco, Franziskanermissionen in der Sierra Gorda, Agavenlandschaft und historische Tequila-Produktionsstätten, Universitätscampus der Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Wallfahrtskirche Jesús de Nazareno in Atotonilco, Biosphärenreservat El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Tajín&oldid=203125199, Archäologischer Fundplatz im Bundesstaat Veracruz, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. [4], At the end of the Classic period, El Tajín survived the widespread social collapse, migrations and destructions that forced the abandonment of many population centers at the end of this period. The figure on the right holds a large knife which is at the center figure's neck. Erst dann wurde der Baum mit großer Vorsicht gefällt, damit ihm so wenig Schmerzen wie möglich zugefügt werden. Jahrhundert besuchten Guillermo Dupaix, Alexander von Humboldt (1811) und Carl Nebel El Tajín. Panorama of El Tajin Archaeological Site - Veracruz - … Die Sonne spielt während dieser Zeit die Trommel und Flöte. Voladores come from as far as San Luis Potosi and Guatemala. [28] The poured cement was used in the only building with two floors at the site, Building B, as a roof and as a separator between the ground and upper floor. At the east and west side of the corridors are entrances to the rooms, two interconnected rooms on each side of the building. A figure dressed as an eagle dances in front while a skeletal deity flies above and the death deity rises from liquid. [11] He made a drawing of the pyramid and reported his find to a publication called Gaceta de Mexico. The other structure is the Great Ballcourt, the largest court at El Tajin. By this time, he had uncovered most of the major buildings and established that Tajín was one of the most important cities of ancient Mexico. The liquid is protected by a reclining chacmool, who is speaking. Otherwise entrance is 48 pesos (c US$4.5 in Mar 2008). The glyphs above the deity identify it with the planet Venus. Built and inhabited from 800AD to 1200 AD, El Tajin was a thriving city of major ceremonial importance, a fact illustrated by the numerous Mesoamerican pyramids and other ceremonial structures still seen there today. In pre-Columbian civilizations: Late Classic non-Maya Mesoamerica (600–900) …at the great centre of El Tajín, placed among jungle-covered hills in a region occupied by the Totonac, whose capital this may well have been. 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